Authorship & Contributorship

Authorship must accurately reflect substantial contributions to the research.

Contributions may include:

• conceptualization;
• methodology;
• investigation;
• experimentation;
• data collection;
• formal analysis;
• software;
• validation;
• visualization;
• data curation;
• interpretation;
• writing;
• critical revision; and
•  

All listed authors must approve the manuscript and accept responsibility for their contributions.

The journal does not permit:

• ghost authorship;
• guest authorship;
• gift authorship;
• honorary authorship; or
• artificial intelligence systems to be listed as authors.

Authors are encouraged, where appropriate, to describe individual contributions using the CRediT Contributor Roles Taxonomy.

Changes to authorship after submission must be justified and approved by all affected authors.

 

Related Policies:
Artificial Intelligence Policy | Conflict of Interest | Publication Ethics