Ethical Oversight

Authors are responsible for ensuring that their research complies with applicable ethical, professional, institutional, and legal requirements.

Research involving:

human participants;
interviews;
surveys;
ethnographic research;
vulnerable communities;
religious communities;
personal information;
confidential records; or
identifiable individuals

must obtain ethical approval and informed consent where required.

Authors must protect participant confidentiality and respect cultural, religious, and community sensitivities.

Research involving Islamic manuscripts, archives, cultural heritage objects, sacred materials, or restricted collections must respect applicable ownership, access, reproduction, copyright, and institutional requirements.

Where ethical approval is not required, authors should be able to explain the basis for that determination when requested.