Authorship & Contributorship

Authorship must accurately represent substantial intellectual contributions to the research and manuscript.

Individuals listed as authors should have made significant contributions to one or more areas such as:

• conceptualization;
• methodology;
• data collection;
• formal analysis;
• investigation;
• interpretation;
• writing;
• critical revision;
• supervision; or
• project administration.

All listed authors must approve the submitted manuscript and accept responsibility for their respective contributions.

The journal does not permit:

• ghost authorship;
• guest authorship;
• gift authorship;
• honorary authorship; or
• artificial intelligence systems to be listed as authors.

The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that:

• all legitimate authors are included;
• no inappropriate authors are included;
• all authors approve the manuscript;
• authorship information is accurate;
• conflicts of interest are disclosed; and
• all authors approve the final published version.

Where appropriate, authors are encouraged to use the CRediT Contributor Roles Taxonomy to describe individual contributions.

Requests to change authorship after submission must provide a clear explanation and agreement from all affected authors.

 

Related Policies:
Artificial Intelligence Policy | Conflict of Interest | Research Misconduct