Research Misconduct

The journal does not tolerate research or publication misconduct.

Research misconduct may include:

• fabrication of research data;
• falsification of research data;
• deliberate data manipulation;
• plagiarism;
• self-plagiarism involving substantial undisclosed reuse;
• duplicate publication;
• redundant publication;
• manipulation of citations;
• fraudulent authorship;
• fabricated references;
• peer-review manipulation;
• manipulation of research images;
• false ethical approval statements; and
• other practices that compromise the integrity of research.

Where concerns arise, authors may be requested to provide:

• raw data;
• questionnaires;
• interview transcripts;
• statistical output;
• coding documentation;
• ethics approvals;
• consent documentation;
• research instruments;
• original images; or
• other supporting documentation.

Where appropriate, the journal may communicate with the author’s institution or relevant research-integrity body.

 

Related Policies:
Publication Ethics | Plagiarism & Similarity Screening | Corrections & Retractions