Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy

The journal recognizes that artificial intelligence and automated tools may support research and manuscript preparation. Their use must remain transparent, responsible, and subject to human accountability.

AI and Authorship

Artificial intelligence systems, large language models, chatbots, and other automated tools cannot be listed as authors.

Authorship requires responsibility and accountability that an AI system cannot assume.

Authors

Authors remain fully responsible for:

• accuracy;
• originality;
• analysis;
• interpretation;
• references;
• research integrity;
• ethical compliance; and
• all content submitted to the journal.

Material use of generative AI beyond routine language correction, editing, or formatting should be disclosed in the manuscript where appropriate.

Authors must verify all AI-generated information.

Artificial intelligence must not be used to fabricate:

• references;
• data;
• quotations;
• statistical results;
• participants;
• interviews; or
• research findings.

Generative AI should not be cited as a scholarly source.

Reviewers

Reviewers must protect manuscript confidentiality.

Confidential manuscripts, unpublished data, or identifiable author information must not be uploaded to external generative AI systems where confidentiality cannot be guaranteed.

Generative AI must not replace the reviewer’s independent scholarly assessment.

Editors

Editors remain personally responsible for editorial decisions.

AI tools must not replace human editorial judgment or final decision-making.

Any routine automated tool used by the journal should be appropriately tested and transparently disclosed where relevant.

 

Related Policies:
Authorship & Contributorship | Peer Review Process | Publication Ethics